How Big Should Your Emergency Fund Really Be?
Forget 'three to six months of expenses.' Size your emergency fund on your fixed costs, not total spending — times how fragile your income is. Here's your number.
Series
One decision. One framework. No noise. Eight episodes on the questions that actually change the outcome — cash or invested, debt or invest, rent or buy, how much risk.
6 episodes
5:53 Episode 1
"Three to six months of expenses" sounds clean and is too vague to use. Size the buffer on your fixed costs — not your total spending — then multiply by how fragile your income actually is. And know the ceiling: above it, cash has no job.
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7:04 Episode 2
Profitable companies sit on cash and still borrow. They are not asking whether debt is good or bad — they are asking what it costs against what the money can earn. Here is that spread applied to your own debt, and the one place where copying a corporation is a mistake.
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7:35 Episode 3
Renting versus buying is treated as one question. It is two. The money half everyone answers — and the half a bank checks first: leverage, liquidity, concentration, time. A 20% deposit is five-to-one, and a 10% fall takes half your equity.
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6:10 Episode 4
A lump sum lands — do you invest it all at once, or spread it out with dollar-cost averaging? What Vanguard's data actually says, when the question truly matters, and the one good reason to spread it out anyway.
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6:03 Episode 5
How much of your money belongs in stocks? Most people answer with a gut feeling. A banker separates two things the feeling confuses: how much risk you can handle, and how much you can afford — and only one of them should be setting your allocation.
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7:35 Episode 6
How many ETFs do you actually need? Fewer than most people hold. An S&P 500 fund and a world fund sound like different things, yet nine of their ten largest positions are the same company. A banker walks through the test that decides whether a fund earns its place — and the honest limit on the other side.
Read the written version →Forget 'three to six months of expenses.' Size your emergency fund on your fixed costs, not total spending — times how fragile your income is. Here's your number.
Paying a debt down is a guaranteed return: its interest rate. Compare that with what investing might earn — and note the answer has just flipped in the US.
The money question is only half of it. A bank checks four things before it checks the return — leverage, liquidity, concentration, time. Run both halves here.
Lump sum vs dollar-cost averaging: Vanguard's 2023 data shows investing all at once won 68% of the time — but for most people the debate doesn't matter at all.
How much of your money should be in stocks? Your risk capacity — time horizon, income stability and cash buffer — sets the ceiling. Nerve can only lower it.
How many ETFs do you need? Fewer than most people hold. Diversification comes from what your funds own, not how many you own — and five can hold the same companies.